Technically speaking, playing in full-screen SHOULD actually increase your FPS. When playing in windowed mode (smaller screen) your computer has to render the game and everything else you have open, whereas when playing full-screen it doesn't do that.
Make sure you don't just 'maximize' your Minecraft. This is still not full-screen, this is just a larger version of "windowed mode". In 1.7.2 go to Options>Video Settings>Fullscreen.
Other general things you can do to increase your framerate:
-Download optifine (Free)
-Close ALL other programs you are not using and any background processes. A lot of programs that don't run leave things running that you can't see.
-Update your drivers, especially your video card drivers.